An Overview of IaC Security and Scanning
IaC offers new risks and opportunities for secure cloud infrastructure. Here’s what you need to know.
Updated April 10, 2024.
Infrastructure as code (IaC) provides an innovative approach to provisioning and managing cloud infrastructure through code, instead of doing it through manual processes.
This foundational shift not only accelerates development cycles but also introduces new dimensions of risk that must be carefully managed. In this article, we'll delve into these challenges and explore strategies to secure IaC environments from potential vulnerabilities and threats.
Advantages of IaC and IaC Security
Beyond automation and version control, IaC can present new opportunities to enhance the security of your cloud infrastructure.
While you probably wouldn't be here if you didn't already know what IaC is, check out the video below to learn a bit about the merits of considering security in your IaC strategy.
Enhanced Automation and Efficiency
IaC allows for the automated deployment of cloud environments, eliminating the need for manual work and increasing the efficiency in managing cloud infrastructure.
The ability to deploy, manage, and dismantle environments rapidly and consistently is a significant advantage, especially in dynamic IT landscapes where quick adaptation is crucial.
Improved Version Control and Documentation
With IaC, infrastructure management benefits from the same principles as code management. This includes out-of-the-box version control, allowing for better tracking and management of changes over time. Additionally, IaC provides an inherent form of documentation for the infrastructure, making it easier to understand, replicate, and distribute configurations.
Adherence to Security Best Practices
IaC introduces opportunities for a more robust approach to security, focusing on the early detection and remediation of cloud configuration issues in the code, rather than in deployed resources. This supports the shift-left security approach by integrating security early in the development process.
» Take control of product security with the best open-source developer-friendly product security tools
Identifying and Mitigating IaC Security Threats
There is a wide variety of IaC security misconfigurations that could expose your system to potential vulnerabilities. Watch the video below for a summary of these security issues:
Hard-Coded Secrets
Some vulnerabilities arise from secrets, such as API keys, encryption keys, passwords and others, being embedded directly in IaC scripts.
Mitigation stars with scanning the IaC files and identifying secrets of all kinds. In the next step, users may want to remove those secrets, rotate them etc.
Excessive Privileges
Many times users, roles and other entities are granted more privileges than they actually need. Those excessive privileges will serve potential attackers if they get access to these entities.
The mitigation involves rigorously reviewing the granted privileges to ensure they follow the principle of least privilege and make the relevant adjustments if they do not.
Unencrypted Data
Storing sensitive data without encryption can lead to potentially dangerous data leakage, emphasizing the need for encryption defined in the infrastructure as code configuration files.
Integrating IaC scanning solutions early in the development pipeline, especially within IDEs or in the PR, allows for the early detection of such vulnerabilities and enables teams to remediate issues before deployment.
» Looking for automated tooling to help? Take a look at these IaC security tools
Best practices for IaC scanning
SDLC integration
A robust security posture requires embedding security practices throughout the software development life cycle (SDLC), not just as an afterthought.
This includes conducting regular automated security scans to detect and mitigate vulnerabilities early. The scans should take place in the environment where developers live and code, that includes their favorite IDE and inside Pull Requests.
Integrating security into the SDLC ensures that IaC deployments are not just efficient but also secure. This proactive approach involves embedding security practices and tools at every stage, from design through to deployment.
Furthermore, the continuous evolution of security measures alongside infrastructure developments is crucial. Regular security assessments, code reviews, and automated scans help maintain a robust security posture, while continuous monitoring ensures that security standards are upheld as cloud environments evolve.
The video below goes into additional detail about the benefits of integrating IaC security scanning into the SDLC.
» Need more? Here are the IaC security essentials
Unify cloud runtime scanning and IaC scanning
Ensuring security beyond just infrastructure as code is critical. Despite the foundational security benefits of IaC, it alone is not sufficient to safeguard cloud infrastructure comprehensively.
To address this, Jit supplements IaC with runtime cloud security posture management (CSPM) to detect and rectify misconfigurations and vulnerabilities in the cloud environment in real-time, not just statically. This can account for security issues caused by configuration drift, which IaC scanning cannot find in static files.
The pros and cons for IaC scanning and cloud runtime scanning are articulated in the video below:
Additionally, Jit emphasizes the importance of integrating security practices across the entire SDLC and employing dynamic application security testing (DAST) to identify runtime vulnerabilities in the web app itself, ensuring a holistic security posture that adapts to both static and dynamic aspects of cloud environments.
» Need more info? Learn how Jit works.
Jit
The only open DevSecOps orchestration platform
Coverage
Full app and cloud security in minutes
Integrations
Seamless integration with tech stack workflows
Security monitoring
Measure security performance metrics per team
Orchestration framework
Open framework ensures simple migration to any app or cloud security tool
Brief overview
Jit is a continuous security platform that helps you seamlessly embed security tools and control into your workflows. You can manage your entire DevSecOps toolchain across your IDE, code, pipeline, cloud, and runtime.
Easily plug any tool into Jit’s extensible orchestration framework to unify the execution and interface of any security tool.
Key features
- Multiple security plans for customized coverage
- Unified execution and UX for all security tools
- Fast and automated scanning within GitHub
- Jit’s Context Engine determines whether a vulnerability is actually exploitable in production to prevent alert fatigue and long backlogs of irrelevant vulnerabilities
- Measured security performance of different teams
- Jit’s open framework ensures a simple migration to any app or cloud security tool
Pros and cons
Dev-friendly
Open source
Orchestrates and unifies all tools
Easy to find problematic code
Provides training in the form of documentation and live online
Platforms supported: SaaS, Windows, Mac, and Linux
The number of tool integrations could be overwhelming
Relies on additional open-source tools that must be maintained
Balancing Security Practices With Developer Velocity
At Jit, balancing robust IaC security practices with maintaining developer velocity is achieved by integrating security seamlessly into the development lifecycle.
Jit embeds security tools, including IaC security, directly into the developer environment, such as in IDEs and during code reviews, enabling developers to identify and address vulnerabilities as they code.
In addition to IaC, Jit unifies SAST for source code scanning, SCA for open source scanning, CSPM for cloud runtime scanning, secrets detection, and much more.
» Ready to begin? Take a look at these IaC security tools
